The question of Israel’s final judge before the establishment of the monarchy is complex. The Book of Judges presents Samuel as a transitional figure, acting as both a prophet and a judge. However, some scholars argue that Eli, Samuel’s predecessor, should be considered the last judge due to his focus primarily on priestly duties, marking a shift away from the traditional judge’s role as a military leader and deliverer. Other interpretations point to Samson as the final judge, highlighting his charismatic leadership and struggles against the Philistines, even though his actions lacked the broader national impact seen in earlier judges.
Understanding this transitional period is crucial for comprehending the evolution of Israel’s governance. The period of the judges represents a time of decentralized tribal leadership, often characterized by internal conflict and external threats. The eventual shift towards a monarchy reflects a desire for greater unity and stability under a centralized authority. Identifying the last judge helps delineate this pivotal moment of change, offering insights into the societal and political factors that led to Israel’s transformation. This period also lays the groundwork for understanding the later roles of prophets and kings in Israelite history and theology.
